Clinical Obstetrics The Fetus and Mother
Clinical Obstetrics The Fetus and Mother_Reece E. Albert_3ed_2007
Contributors, viii Foreword, xiv Preface, xv
Preface to the first edition, xvi Acknowledgments, xvii Abbreviations, xviii
Overview: historical perspectives of fetal medicine, xxv
Part I: Conception and Conceptus Development
1 Early conceptus growth and immunobiologic adaptations of pregnancy, 3
Kenneth H.H. Wong and Eli Y. Adashi
2 Normal embryonic and fetal development, 19 Trivedi Vidhya N. Persaud and Jean C. Hay
Part II: Pregnancy and the Fetoplacental Unit
3 Normal and abnormal placentation, 35 Soheila Korourian and Luis De Las Casas
4 Fetoplacental perfusion and transfer of nutrients, 59 Henry L. Galan and Frederick C. Battaglia
5 Endocrinology of pregnancy and the placenta, 68 Alan DeCherney, Jessica Spencer, Tim Chard, and Karen A. Hutchinson
Part III: Fetal Developmental Biology
6 Fetal lung development and amniotic fluid analysis, 85 lan Gross and Matthew J. Bizzarro
7 Fetal cardiovascular physiology and response to stress conditions, 93
Jean-Claude Fouron and Amanda Skoll
8 Immunology of the fetus, 114
Josiah F. Wedgwood and James G. McNamara
9 Fetal endocrinology, 124
Charles E. Wood and Maureen Keller-Wood
10 Fetal hematology, 132
Veronique Cayol and Fernand Daffos
Part IV: Variations in Embryonal and Fetal Growth and Development
11 Sporadic and recurrent pregnancy loss, 143 Robert M. Silver and D. Ware Branch
12 Ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies, 161 Arnon Wiznitzer and Eyal Sheiner
13 Multifetal pregnancies: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management, 177 Michelle Smith-Levitin, Daniel W. Skupski, and Frank A. Chervenak
14 Biology of normal and deviant fetal growth, 203 Andree Gruslin and the late Carl A. Nimrod
Part V: Fetal Infections and Teratogenesis
15 Developmental toxicology, drugs, and fetal teratogenesis, 217
Robert L. Brent and Lynda B. Fawcett
16 Drugs, alcohol abuse, and effects in pregnancy, 236 Stephen R. Carr and Donald R. Coustan
17 Teratogenic viruses, 248 Antonio V. Sison
18 Transplacentally acquired microbial infections in the fetus, 262
Santosh Pandipati and Ronald S. Gibbs
19 Antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in pregnancy and during lactation, 284
Janet l. Andrews and Jennifer R. Niebyl
Part VI: Fetal Diseases
20 Principles of human genetics: chromosomal and singlegene disorders, 295
Joe Leigh Simpson and Maurice J. Mahoney
21 Genetic counseling in prenatal and perinatal medicine, 318
Jeff Milunsky and Aubrey Milunsky
22 Basic principles of ultrasound, 336 Mladen Predanic, Frank A. Chervenak, and E. Albert Reece
23 Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system malformations, 347
Gianluigi Pilu and Sandro Gabrielli
24 Prenatal diagnosis of thoracic and cardiac abnormalities, 361
Gianluigi Pilu, Philippe Jeanty, and Juliana M.B. Leite
25 Gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies, 377 Sandro Gabrielli, Nicola Rizzo, and E. Albert Reece
26 Fetal skeletal anomalies, 401
Lrns F. Gonsalves, Patricia L. Devers, Jimmy Espinoza, and Roberto Romero
27 First- and second-trimester prenatal diagnosis, 473 John C. Hobbins
28 First- and second-trimester screening for open neural tube defects and Down syndrome, 485
James E. Haddow, Glenn E. Palomaki, and Ronald J. Wapner
Part VII: Methods of Evaluation of Fetal Development and Well-being
29 Prenatal diagnosis of deviant fetal growth, 507 E. Albert Reece and Zion J. Hagay
30 Three- and four-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in pregnancy, 526
Teresita L. Angtuaco
31 Doppler ultrasonography and fetal well-being, 561 Brian J. Trudinger
32 Antepartum and intrapartum surveillance of the fetus and the amniotic fluid, 586
Lami Yeo, Michael G. Ross, and Anthony M. Vintzileos
Part VIII: Fetal Therapy
33 The fetus at surgery, 609
Robert H. Ball and Michael R. Harrison
34 Fetal medical treatment, 617
Mark I. Evans, Yuval Yaron, Charles S. Kleinman, and Alan W. Flake
Part IX: Maternal Biological Adaptations to Pregnancy
35 Maternal biological, biomechanical, and biochemical changes in pregnancy, 633
Edward K.S. Chien and Helen Feltovich
36 Maternal nutrition, 645 Barbara Luke
Part X: Maternal Diseases Complicating Pregnancy
37 Trauma, shock, and critical care obstetrics, 657 Erin A.S. Clark, Gary A. Dildy, and
Steven L. Clark
38 Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, 683 Frederick U. Eruo and Baha M. Sibai
39 Cardiac diseases in pregnancy, 700 Kjersti Aagaard-Tillery and Steven L. Clark
40 Maternal pulmonary disorders complicating pregnancy, 718
Steven L. Clark and Calla Holmgren
41 Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, 740
Carol J. Homko, Zion J. Hagay, and E. Albert Reece
42 Endocrine disorders in pregnancy, 762 Fred H. Faas
43 Gastrointestinal diseases complicating pregnancy,
777
Washington Clark Hill and Alfred D. Fleming
44 Liver disease in pregnancy, 797 Vivek Raj
45 Pregnancy complicated by renal disorders, 811 Michelle W. Krause and Sudhir V. Shah
46 Neurological disorders in pregnancy, 818
R. Lee Archer, Stacy A. Rudnicki, and Bashir S. Shihabuddin
47 Thromboembolic disorders of pregnancy, 825 Michael J. Paidas, Christian M. Pettker, and Charles J. Lockwood
48 Coagulation and hematological disorders of pregnancy, 849
Carl P. Weiner and Chien Oh
49 Maternal alloimmunization and fetal hemolytic disease, 867
Anita C. Manogura and Carl P. Weiner
50 Maternal infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy, 885
Richard L. Sweet and Howard Minkoff
51 Rheumatologic and connective tissue disorders in pregnancy, 931
Gustavo F. Leguizamon and E. Albert Reece
52 Dermatologic disorders during pregnancy, 947 Thomas D. Horn and Jerri Hoskyn
53 Cancer and other neoplasms in pregnancy, 961 Peter E. Schwartz and Masoud Azodi
Part XI: Medicosocial Considerations in Pregnancy
54 Pregnancy before age 20 years and after age 35 years, 987
Helen H. Kay
55 Essentials in biostatistics and perinatal epidemiology, 1007
Paula K. Roberson and Benjamin P. Sachs
56 Sexuality in pregnancy and the postpartum period,
1016
Kirsten von Sydow
Vi
57 Psychiatric problems during pregnancy and the puerperium, 1022
Linda L.M. Worley and Jennifer L. Melville
58 Ethical and legal dimensions of medicine of the pregnant woman and fetus, 1039
Judith L. Chervenak, Frank A. Chervenak, and Laurence B. McCullough
Part XII: Obstetric and Peripartal Events
59 Bleeding in the third trimester, 1049
Lawrence W. Oppenheimer and the late Carl A. Nimrod
60 Normal and abnormal labor, 1065 Wayne R. Cohen
61 Operative vaginal delivery, 1077 Edward R. Yeomans
62 Preterm labor, 1085
Erol Amon and Thomas D. Myles
63 Prelabor rupture of the membranes, 1130 Joaquin Santolaya-Forgas, Roberto Romero,
Jimmy Espinoza, Offer Erez, Lara A. Friel,
Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Ray Bahado-Singh, and Jyh Kae Nien
64 Prolonged pregnancy, 1189 Curtis L. Lowery and Paul Wendel
65 Anesthesia in the high-risk patient, 1198 Danny Wilkerson and Richard B. Clark
66 Puerperium and lactation: physiology of the reproductive system, 1206
Judy M. Hopkinson, Pamela D. Berens, and E. Albert Reece
Part XIII: The Newborn Infant
67 Premature birth and neurological complications, 1221 Alan Hill
68 Common problems of the newborn, 1232 Fernando R. Moya and Matthew Laughon
Index, 1261
Preface to the first edition, xvi Acknowledgments, xvii Abbreviations, xviii
Overview: historical perspectives of fetal medicine, xxv
Part I: Conception and Conceptus Development
1 Early conceptus growth and immunobiologic adaptations of pregnancy, 3
Kenneth H.H. Wong and Eli Y. Adashi
2 Normal embryonic and fetal development, 19 Trivedi Vidhya N. Persaud and Jean C. Hay
Part II: Pregnancy and the Fetoplacental Unit
3 Normal and abnormal placentation, 35 Soheila Korourian and Luis De Las Casas
4 Fetoplacental perfusion and transfer of nutrients, 59 Henry L. Galan and Frederick C. Battaglia
5 Endocrinology of pregnancy and the placenta, 68 Alan DeCherney, Jessica Spencer, Tim Chard, and Karen A. Hutchinson
Part III: Fetal Developmental Biology
6 Fetal lung development and amniotic fluid analysis, 85 lan Gross and Matthew J. Bizzarro
7 Fetal cardiovascular physiology and response to stress conditions, 93
Jean-Claude Fouron and Amanda Skoll
8 Immunology of the fetus, 114
Josiah F. Wedgwood and James G. McNamara
9 Fetal endocrinology, 124
Charles E. Wood and Maureen Keller-Wood
10 Fetal hematology, 132
Veronique Cayol and Fernand Daffos
Part IV: Variations in Embryonal and Fetal Growth and Development
11 Sporadic and recurrent pregnancy loss, 143 Robert M. Silver and D. Ware Branch
12 Ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies, 161 Arnon Wiznitzer and Eyal Sheiner
13 Multifetal pregnancies: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management, 177 Michelle Smith-Levitin, Daniel W. Skupski, and Frank A. Chervenak
14 Biology of normal and deviant fetal growth, 203 Andree Gruslin and the late Carl A. Nimrod
Part V: Fetal Infections and Teratogenesis
15 Developmental toxicology, drugs, and fetal teratogenesis, 217
Robert L. Brent and Lynda B. Fawcett
16 Drugs, alcohol abuse, and effects in pregnancy, 236 Stephen R. Carr and Donald R. Coustan
17 Teratogenic viruses, 248 Antonio V. Sison
18 Transplacentally acquired microbial infections in the fetus, 262
Santosh Pandipati and Ronald S. Gibbs
19 Antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in pregnancy and during lactation, 284
Janet l. Andrews and Jennifer R. Niebyl
Part VI: Fetal Diseases
20 Principles of human genetics: chromosomal and singlegene disorders, 295
Joe Leigh Simpson and Maurice J. Mahoney
21 Genetic counseling in prenatal and perinatal medicine, 318
Jeff Milunsky and Aubrey Milunsky
22 Basic principles of ultrasound, 336 Mladen Predanic, Frank A. Chervenak, and E. Albert Reece
23 Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system malformations, 347
Gianluigi Pilu and Sandro Gabrielli
24 Prenatal diagnosis of thoracic and cardiac abnormalities, 361
Gianluigi Pilu, Philippe Jeanty, and Juliana M.B. Leite
25 Gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies, 377 Sandro Gabrielli, Nicola Rizzo, and E. Albert Reece
26 Fetal skeletal anomalies, 401
Lrns F. Gonsalves, Patricia L. Devers, Jimmy Espinoza, and Roberto Romero
27 First- and second-trimester prenatal diagnosis, 473 John C. Hobbins
28 First- and second-trimester screening for open neural tube defects and Down syndrome, 485
James E. Haddow, Glenn E. Palomaki, and Ronald J. Wapner
Part VII: Methods of Evaluation of Fetal Development and Well-being
29 Prenatal diagnosis of deviant fetal growth, 507 E. Albert Reece and Zion J. Hagay
30 Three- and four-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in pregnancy, 526
Teresita L. Angtuaco
31 Doppler ultrasonography and fetal well-being, 561 Brian J. Trudinger
32 Antepartum and intrapartum surveillance of the fetus and the amniotic fluid, 586
Lami Yeo, Michael G. Ross, and Anthony M. Vintzileos
Part VIII: Fetal Therapy
33 The fetus at surgery, 609
Robert H. Ball and Michael R. Harrison
34 Fetal medical treatment, 617
Mark I. Evans, Yuval Yaron, Charles S. Kleinman, and Alan W. Flake
Part IX: Maternal Biological Adaptations to Pregnancy
35 Maternal biological, biomechanical, and biochemical changes in pregnancy, 633
Edward K.S. Chien and Helen Feltovich
36 Maternal nutrition, 645 Barbara Luke
Part X: Maternal Diseases Complicating Pregnancy
37 Trauma, shock, and critical care obstetrics, 657 Erin A.S. Clark, Gary A. Dildy, and
Steven L. Clark
38 Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, 683 Frederick U. Eruo and Baha M. Sibai
39 Cardiac diseases in pregnancy, 700 Kjersti Aagaard-Tillery and Steven L. Clark
40 Maternal pulmonary disorders complicating pregnancy, 718
Steven L. Clark and Calla Holmgren
41 Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, 740
Carol J. Homko, Zion J. Hagay, and E. Albert Reece
42 Endocrine disorders in pregnancy, 762 Fred H. Faas
43 Gastrointestinal diseases complicating pregnancy,
777
Washington Clark Hill and Alfred D. Fleming
44 Liver disease in pregnancy, 797 Vivek Raj
45 Pregnancy complicated by renal disorders, 811 Michelle W. Krause and Sudhir V. Shah
46 Neurological disorders in pregnancy, 818
R. Lee Archer, Stacy A. Rudnicki, and Bashir S. Shihabuddin
47 Thromboembolic disorders of pregnancy, 825 Michael J. Paidas, Christian M. Pettker, and Charles J. Lockwood
48 Coagulation and hematological disorders of pregnancy, 849
Carl P. Weiner and Chien Oh
49 Maternal alloimmunization and fetal hemolytic disease, 867
Anita C. Manogura and Carl P. Weiner
50 Maternal infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy, 885
Richard L. Sweet and Howard Minkoff
51 Rheumatologic and connective tissue disorders in pregnancy, 931
Gustavo F. Leguizamon and E. Albert Reece
52 Dermatologic disorders during pregnancy, 947 Thomas D. Horn and Jerri Hoskyn
53 Cancer and other neoplasms in pregnancy, 961 Peter E. Schwartz and Masoud Azodi
Part XI: Medicosocial Considerations in Pregnancy
54 Pregnancy before age 20 years and after age 35 years, 987
Helen H. Kay
55 Essentials in biostatistics and perinatal epidemiology, 1007
Paula K. Roberson and Benjamin P. Sachs
56 Sexuality in pregnancy and the postpartum period,
1016
Kirsten von Sydow
Vi
57 Psychiatric problems during pregnancy and the puerperium, 1022
Linda L.M. Worley and Jennifer L. Melville
58 Ethical and legal dimensions of medicine of the pregnant woman and fetus, 1039
Judith L. Chervenak, Frank A. Chervenak, and Laurence B. McCullough
Part XII: Obstetric and Peripartal Events
59 Bleeding in the third trimester, 1049
Lawrence W. Oppenheimer and the late Carl A. Nimrod
60 Normal and abnormal labor, 1065 Wayne R. Cohen
61 Operative vaginal delivery, 1077 Edward R. Yeomans
62 Preterm labor, 1085
Erol Amon and Thomas D. Myles
63 Prelabor rupture of the membranes, 1130 Joaquin Santolaya-Forgas, Roberto Romero,
Jimmy Espinoza, Offer Erez, Lara A. Friel,
Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Ray Bahado-Singh, and Jyh Kae Nien
64 Prolonged pregnancy, 1189 Curtis L. Lowery and Paul Wendel
65 Anesthesia in the high-risk patient, 1198 Danny Wilkerson and Richard B. Clark
66 Puerperium and lactation: physiology of the reproductive system, 1206
Judy M. Hopkinson, Pamela D. Berens, and E. Albert Reece
Part XIII: The Newborn Infant
67 Premature birth and neurological complications, 1221 Alan Hill
68 Common problems of the newborn, 1232 Fernando R. Moya and Matthew Laughon
Index, 1261