Newborn Surgery
PART I GENERAL 1
1 Embryology of malformations Dietrich Kluth, Wolfgang Lambrecht, Christoph Buhrer, and Holger Till 3
2 Perinatal physiology Carlos E Blanco, Eduardo Villamor, and Luc JI Zimmermann 15
3 Clinical anatomy of the newborn Mark D Stringer 29
4 The epidemiology of birth defects Edwin C Jesudason 39
5 Perinatal diagnosis of surgical disease Tippi C MacKenzie and N Scott Adzick 46
6 Fetal counseling for surgical malformations Kokila Lakhoo 60
7 Fetal and birth trauma Prem Puri and Piotr Hajduk 71
8 Transport of the surgical neonate Prem Puri and Reshma Doodnath 83
9 Preoperative assessment Prem Puri and John Gillick 91
10 Anesthesia Declan Warde and Nicholas Eustace 104
11 Postoperative management Desmond Bohn 115
12 Fluid and electrolyte balance in the newborn Joseph Chukwu, Winifred A Gorman, and Eleanor J Molloy 133
13 Nutrition Agostino Pierro and Simon Eaton 145
14 Vascular access in the newborn Sean J Barnett and Frederick C Ryckman 159
15 Radiology in the newborn J Kelleher and Ian HW Robinson 167
16 Immune system of the newborn Fiona O Hare, Denis J Reen, and Eleanor J Molloy 178
17 Neonatal sepsis James Pierce, Tracy Grikscheit, and Henri Ford 191
18 Hematological problems in the neonate Owen P Smith 205
19 Genetics in neonatal surgical practice Andrew Green 214
20 Ethical considerations in newborn surgery Jacqueline J Glover and Donna A Caniano 228
21 Minimal invasive neonatal surgery Richard Keijzer, Oliver J Muensterer, and Keith E Georgeson 237
22 Fetal surgery Shinjiro Hirose and Michael R Harrison 246
23 Liver transplantation Alastair Millar 254
PART II HEAD AND NECK 265
24 Choanal atresia Stephen M Kieran and John D Russell 267
25 Pierre Robin Sequence Udo Rolle and Robert Sader 271
26 Macroglossia George G Youngson 277
27 Tracheostomy in infants Thom E Lobe 281
28 Congenital cysts and sinuses of the neck Yousef El-Gohary and George K Gittes 288
PART III CHEST 295
29 Congenital thoracic deformities Konstantinos Papadakis and Robert C Shamberger 297
30 Mediastinal masses in the newborn Stephen J Shochat 305
31 Congenital airway malformations Richard G Azizkhan 310
32 Vascular rings Benjamin O Bierbach and J Mark Redmond 321
33 Pulmonary air leaks Prem Puri and Jens Dingemann 333
34 Chylothorax and other pleural effusions in neonates Richard G Azizkhan 339
35 Congenital malformations of the lung Li Ern Chen and Keith T Oldham 348
36 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Prem Puri and Takashi Doi 361
37 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for neonatal respiratoryfailure Jeffrey W Gander and Charles JH Stolar 369
38 Bronchoscopy in the newborn Stephen M Kieran and John D Russell 380
PART IV ESOPHAGUS 385
39 Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula Paul D Losty, Wajid B Jawaid, and Basem A Khalil 387
40 Congenital esophageal stenosis Shintaro Amae and Masaki Nio 401
41 Esophageal duplication cysts Dakshesh Parikh and Michael Singh 406
42 Esophageal perforation in the newborn David S Foley and Hirikati S Nagaraj 412
43 Gastro-esophageal reflux in the neonate and small infant Michael E HO llwarth 416
PART V GASTROINTESTINAL 425
44 Pyloric atresia and prepyloric antral diaphragm Vincenzo Jasonni, Alessio Pini Prato, Giovanni Rapuzzi, and Girolamo Mattioli 427
45 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Prem Puri, Balazs Kutasy, and Ganapathy Lakshmanadass 433
46 Gastric volvulus Alan E Mortell 444
47 Gastric perforation Robert K Minkes 450
48 Gastrostomy Michael WL Gauderer 455
49 Duodenal obstruction Yechiel Sweed 467
50 Malrotation Agostino Pierro and Shireen Anne Nah 482
51 Persistent hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia of infancy Paul RV Johnson 488
52 Jejuno-ileal atresia and stenosis Alastair Millar, Alp Numanoglu, and Heinz Rode 494
53 Colonic and rectal atresias Tomas Wester 505
54 Meconium ileus Guido Ciprandi and Massimo Rivosecchi 512
55 Meconium peritonitis Jose Boix-Ochoa and Jose L Peiro 518
56 Duplications of the alimentary tract Alan Mortell and Prem Puri 525
57 Mesenteric and omental cysts Benno Ure 535
58 Neonatal ascites Prem Puri and Elke Ruttenstock 541
59 Necrotizing enterocolitis Shannon Castle, Tracy Grikscheit, and Henri R Ford 546
60 Hirschsprung s disease Prem Puri 554
61 Anorectal anomalies Marc A Levitt and Alberto Pena 566
62 Congenital pouch colon Amulya K Saxena and Praveen Mathur 582
63 Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine Hiroo Takehara and Hisako Kuyama 590
64 Intussusception Spencer W Beasley 594
65 Inguinal hernia Thambipillai Sri Paran and Prem Puri 599
66 Short bowel syndrome and surgical techniques for the baby with short intestines Michael E HO llwarth 606
67 Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome Prem Puri and Jan-H Gosemann 617
PART VI LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT 621
68 Biliary atresia Mark Davenport 623
69 Congenital biliary dilatation Hiroyuki Koga and Atsuyuki Yamataka 634
70 Hepatic cysts and abscesses Stephanie A Jones, Frederick M Karrer, and David A Partrick 643
PART VII ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS 649
71 Omphalocele and gastroschisis Steven W Bruch and Jacob C Langer 651
72 Omphalomesenteric duct remnants Kenneth KY Wong and Paul KH Tam 661
73 Bladder exstrophy considerations and management of the newborn patient Andrew A Stec and John P Gearhart 665
74 Cloacal exstrophy Duncan Wilcox and Moritz M Ziegler 674
75 Prune belly syndrome Prem Puri and Hideshi Miyakita 681
76 Conjoined twins Juan A Tovar 686
PART VIII TUMORS 695
77 Epidemiology and genetic associations of neonatal tumors Sam W Moore and Jack Plaschkes 697
78 Hemangiomas and vascular malformations Arin K Greene and Steven J Fishman 711
79 Congenital nevi Christina M Plikaitis and Bruce S Bauer 726
80 Lymphatic malformations cystic hygroma Emily Christison-Lagay, Vito Forte, and Jacob C Langer 739
81 Cervical teratomas Michael WL Gauderer 749
82 Sacrococcygeal teratoma Kevin C Pringle 754
83 Nasal tumors Peter Lamesch 764
84 Neuroblastoma Andrew M Davidoff 770
85 Soft-tissue sarcoma Martin T Corbally 781
86 Hepatic tumors Jai Prasad and Michael P La Quaglia 784
87 Congenital mesoblastic nephroma and Wilms tumor Robert Carachi 800
88 Neonatal ovarian tumors Chad Wiesenauer and Mary E Fallat 804
PART IX SPINA BIFIDA AND HYDROCEPHALUS 809
89 Spina bifida and encephalocele Michael D Jenkinson, Maggie K Lee, and Conor L Mallucci 811
90 Hydrocephalus Jothy Kandasamy, Maggie K Lee, and Conor L Mallucci 824
PART X GENITOURINARY 835
91 Urinary tract infections Martin A Koyle 837
92 Imaging of the renal tract in the neonate Lorenzo Biassoni and Melanie Hiorns 845
93 Management of antenatal hydronephrosis Jack S Elder 856
94 Multicystic dysplastic kidney David FM Thomas and Azad S Najmaldin 872
95 Upper urinary tract obstructions Prem Puri and Boris Chertin 880
96 Ureteral duplication anomalies Prem Puri and Hideshi Miyakita 894
97 Vesico-ureteral reflux Prem Puri 900
98 Ureteroceles in the newborn Jonathan F Kalisvaart and Andrew J kirsch 907
99 Posterior urethral valves Paolo Caione and Valentina de Pasquale 916
100 Neurogenic bladder in the neonate Yves Aigrain and Alaa el Ghoneimi 934
101 Hydrometrocolpos Devendra K Gupta and Shilpa Sharma 940
102 Intersex disorders Maria Marcela Bailez and Estela Cuenca 952
103 Male genital anomalies 966
John M Hutson
104 Neonatal testicular torsion 972
David M Burge
PART XI LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN NEWBORN SURGERY 975
105 Long-term outcomes in newborn surgery 977
1 Embryology of malformations Dietrich Kluth, Wolfgang Lambrecht, Christoph Buhrer, and Holger Till 3
2 Perinatal physiology Carlos E Blanco, Eduardo Villamor, and Luc JI Zimmermann 15
3 Clinical anatomy of the newborn Mark D Stringer 29
4 The epidemiology of birth defects Edwin C Jesudason 39
5 Perinatal diagnosis of surgical disease Tippi C MacKenzie and N Scott Adzick 46
6 Fetal counseling for surgical malformations Kokila Lakhoo 60
7 Fetal and birth trauma Prem Puri and Piotr Hajduk 71
8 Transport of the surgical neonate Prem Puri and Reshma Doodnath 83
9 Preoperative assessment Prem Puri and John Gillick 91
10 Anesthesia Declan Warde and Nicholas Eustace 104
11 Postoperative management Desmond Bohn 115
12 Fluid and electrolyte balance in the newborn Joseph Chukwu, Winifred A Gorman, and Eleanor J Molloy 133
13 Nutrition Agostino Pierro and Simon Eaton 145
14 Vascular access in the newborn Sean J Barnett and Frederick C Ryckman 159
15 Radiology in the newborn J Kelleher and Ian HW Robinson 167
16 Immune system of the newborn Fiona O Hare, Denis J Reen, and Eleanor J Molloy 178
17 Neonatal sepsis James Pierce, Tracy Grikscheit, and Henri Ford 191
18 Hematological problems in the neonate Owen P Smith 205
19 Genetics in neonatal surgical practice Andrew Green 214
20 Ethical considerations in newborn surgery Jacqueline J Glover and Donna A Caniano 228
21 Minimal invasive neonatal surgery Richard Keijzer, Oliver J Muensterer, and Keith E Georgeson 237
22 Fetal surgery Shinjiro Hirose and Michael R Harrison 246
23 Liver transplantation Alastair Millar 254
PART II HEAD AND NECK 265
24 Choanal atresia Stephen M Kieran and John D Russell 267
25 Pierre Robin Sequence Udo Rolle and Robert Sader 271
26 Macroglossia George G Youngson 277
27 Tracheostomy in infants Thom E Lobe 281
28 Congenital cysts and sinuses of the neck Yousef El-Gohary and George K Gittes 288
PART III CHEST 295
29 Congenital thoracic deformities Konstantinos Papadakis and Robert C Shamberger 297
30 Mediastinal masses in the newborn Stephen J Shochat 305
31 Congenital airway malformations Richard G Azizkhan 310
32 Vascular rings Benjamin O Bierbach and J Mark Redmond 321
33 Pulmonary air leaks Prem Puri and Jens Dingemann 333
34 Chylothorax and other pleural effusions in neonates Richard G Azizkhan 339
35 Congenital malformations of the lung Li Ern Chen and Keith T Oldham 348
36 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Prem Puri and Takashi Doi 361
37 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for neonatal respiratoryfailure Jeffrey W Gander and Charles JH Stolar 369
38 Bronchoscopy in the newborn Stephen M Kieran and John D Russell 380
PART IV ESOPHAGUS 385
39 Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula Paul D Losty, Wajid B Jawaid, and Basem A Khalil 387
40 Congenital esophageal stenosis Shintaro Amae and Masaki Nio 401
41 Esophageal duplication cysts Dakshesh Parikh and Michael Singh 406
42 Esophageal perforation in the newborn David S Foley and Hirikati S Nagaraj 412
43 Gastro-esophageal reflux in the neonate and small infant Michael E HO llwarth 416
PART V GASTROINTESTINAL 425
44 Pyloric atresia and prepyloric antral diaphragm Vincenzo Jasonni, Alessio Pini Prato, Giovanni Rapuzzi, and Girolamo Mattioli 427
45 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Prem Puri, Balazs Kutasy, and Ganapathy Lakshmanadass 433
46 Gastric volvulus Alan E Mortell 444
47 Gastric perforation Robert K Minkes 450
48 Gastrostomy Michael WL Gauderer 455
49 Duodenal obstruction Yechiel Sweed 467
50 Malrotation Agostino Pierro and Shireen Anne Nah 482
51 Persistent hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia of infancy Paul RV Johnson 488
52 Jejuno-ileal atresia and stenosis Alastair Millar, Alp Numanoglu, and Heinz Rode 494
53 Colonic and rectal atresias Tomas Wester 505
54 Meconium ileus Guido Ciprandi and Massimo Rivosecchi 512
55 Meconium peritonitis Jose Boix-Ochoa and Jose L Peiro 518
56 Duplications of the alimentary tract Alan Mortell and Prem Puri 525
57 Mesenteric and omental cysts Benno Ure 535
58 Neonatal ascites Prem Puri and Elke Ruttenstock 541
59 Necrotizing enterocolitis Shannon Castle, Tracy Grikscheit, and Henri R Ford 546
60 Hirschsprung s disease Prem Puri 554
61 Anorectal anomalies Marc A Levitt and Alberto Pena 566
62 Congenital pouch colon Amulya K Saxena and Praveen Mathur 582
63 Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine Hiroo Takehara and Hisako Kuyama 590
64 Intussusception Spencer W Beasley 594
65 Inguinal hernia Thambipillai Sri Paran and Prem Puri 599
66 Short bowel syndrome and surgical techniques for the baby with short intestines Michael E HO llwarth 606
67 Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome Prem Puri and Jan-H Gosemann 617
PART VI LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT 621
68 Biliary atresia Mark Davenport 623
69 Congenital biliary dilatation Hiroyuki Koga and Atsuyuki Yamataka 634
70 Hepatic cysts and abscesses Stephanie A Jones, Frederick M Karrer, and David A Partrick 643
PART VII ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS 649
71 Omphalocele and gastroschisis Steven W Bruch and Jacob C Langer 651
72 Omphalomesenteric duct remnants Kenneth KY Wong and Paul KH Tam 661
73 Bladder exstrophy considerations and management of the newborn patient Andrew A Stec and John P Gearhart 665
74 Cloacal exstrophy Duncan Wilcox and Moritz M Ziegler 674
75 Prune belly syndrome Prem Puri and Hideshi Miyakita 681
76 Conjoined twins Juan A Tovar 686
PART VIII TUMORS 695
77 Epidemiology and genetic associations of neonatal tumors Sam W Moore and Jack Plaschkes 697
78 Hemangiomas and vascular malformations Arin K Greene and Steven J Fishman 711
79 Congenital nevi Christina M Plikaitis and Bruce S Bauer 726
80 Lymphatic malformations cystic hygroma Emily Christison-Lagay, Vito Forte, and Jacob C Langer 739
81 Cervical teratomas Michael WL Gauderer 749
82 Sacrococcygeal teratoma Kevin C Pringle 754
83 Nasal tumors Peter Lamesch 764
84 Neuroblastoma Andrew M Davidoff 770
85 Soft-tissue sarcoma Martin T Corbally 781
86 Hepatic tumors Jai Prasad and Michael P La Quaglia 784
87 Congenital mesoblastic nephroma and Wilms tumor Robert Carachi 800
88 Neonatal ovarian tumors Chad Wiesenauer and Mary E Fallat 804
PART IX SPINA BIFIDA AND HYDROCEPHALUS 809
89 Spina bifida and encephalocele Michael D Jenkinson, Maggie K Lee, and Conor L Mallucci 811
90 Hydrocephalus Jothy Kandasamy, Maggie K Lee, and Conor L Mallucci 824
PART X GENITOURINARY 835
91 Urinary tract infections Martin A Koyle 837
92 Imaging of the renal tract in the neonate Lorenzo Biassoni and Melanie Hiorns 845
93 Management of antenatal hydronephrosis Jack S Elder 856
94 Multicystic dysplastic kidney David FM Thomas and Azad S Najmaldin 872
95 Upper urinary tract obstructions Prem Puri and Boris Chertin 880
96 Ureteral duplication anomalies Prem Puri and Hideshi Miyakita 894
97 Vesico-ureteral reflux Prem Puri 900
98 Ureteroceles in the newborn Jonathan F Kalisvaart and Andrew J kirsch 907
99 Posterior urethral valves Paolo Caione and Valentina de Pasquale 916
100 Neurogenic bladder in the neonate Yves Aigrain and Alaa el Ghoneimi 934
101 Hydrometrocolpos Devendra K Gupta and Shilpa Sharma 940
102 Intersex disorders Maria Marcela Bailez and Estela Cuenca 952
103 Male genital anomalies 966
John M Hutson
104 Neonatal testicular torsion 972
David M Burge
PART XI LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN NEWBORN SURGERY 975
105 Long-term outcomes in newborn surgery 977